DELE A2 | Grammar list

Ever wondered if there is a “DELE A2 grammar list” that covers all the topics needed to pass the exam? Do you think it could benefit you to pass the exam and get the best grade possible? If so, keep reading!

As summer comes to an end, most of us are already slowly getting back into the “productive mode” and thinking about our goals for the last trimester of 2024. If you’ve decided to aim for the DELE A2 before the end of the year, you might be wondering where to start.

For many of my students, grammar is generally one of the starting points. Indeed, it is an essential -yet not very attractive- point to cover when studying for the exam. So, you might pick up one of the best books to help you prepare for the DELE A2 to study or even read through the inventory shared by the Instituto Cervantes. But, I know, it can feel a bit overwhelming to do so.

However, if you’re looking for a short and sweet answer, here is a list, with very short descriptions and examples, of all main grammatical aspects for the DELE A2 exam.

1. Verb Tenses

  • Presente: to talk about habits or present events.
    • Example: Estoy en Galicia. (I am in Galicia.)
  • Indefinido: actions that were completed in the past.
    • Example: Ayer comí empanada. (Yesterday, I ate pizza.)
  • Imperfecto: descriptions of things that happened in the past.
    • Example: La empanada estaba buenísima, tenía gambas, pollo y calamares.
  • Futuro: actions that will happen in the future.
    • Example: Mañana viajaré a Madrid. (Tomorrow, I will travel to Madrid.)
  • Imperativo: Used to tell someone you’re familiar with to do something.
    • Example: ¡Habla! (Speak!)

2. Pronouns

  • Pronombres de objeto directo (lo, la, los, las): they replace the object that directly receives the action.
    • Example: ¿Tienes el libro? Sí, lo tengo. (Do you have the book? Yes, I have it.)
  • Pronombres de objeto indirecto (le, les): they replace the person or thing that receives the action of the verb indirectly
    • Example: Yo regalo un libro a María. Yo le regalo el libro por su cumpleaños. (I give a book to María. I give her the book for her birthday)
  • Pronombres reflexivos (me, te, se…): Used with a verb when the subject and the object are the same.
    • Example: Me lavo las manos. (I wash my hands.)

3. Nouns, articles, adjectives

  • Género y número: Spanish nouns are either masculine or feminine and add -s or -es to make nouns plural.
    • Examples:
    • El gato (The cat – masculine) vs. La gata (The cat – feminine)
    • Los libros (The books), Las casas (The houses)
  • Concordancia: Adjectives must agree with the noun in gender and number.
    • Example: Un libro rojo (A red book – masculine), Una casa roja (A red house – feminine)
  • Posesivos (mi, tu, su…): indicate to whom something or someone belongs.
    • Example: Luis es mi primo (Luis is my cousin)
  • Comparatives (más, menos… que): Used to compare two things.
    • Example: Mi perro es más grande que tu perro. (My dog is bigger than your dog.)

4. Adverbs

  • De modo: Many adverbs are formed by adding -mente to the feminine form of adjectives.
    • Example: Rápido (Fast) becomes rápidamente (Quickly).
  • Adverbios frecuentes: These words modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
    • Example: Ella siempre llega temprano. (She always arrives early.)

5. Prepositions

  • Preposiciones (en, a, por, para…): Used to show relationships between words in a sentence.
    • Example: Estoy en la casa. (I am in the house.)

6. Conjunctions

  • Conectores coordinantes (y, o, es decir): These join words or phrases of equal importance.
    • Example: Quiero café o té. (I want coffee or tea.)
  • Conectores subordinantes (pero, porque, así que, si) Used to join dependent clauses to main clauses.
    • Example: No salí porque estaba lloviendo. (I didn’t go out because it was raining.)

7. Interrogatives and Exclamatives

  • Interrogativos (qué, cómo, cuando, dónde…): These words are used to ask questions.
    • Example: ¿Dónde vives? (Where do you live?)
  • Exclamativos (¡qué…!): Used to express strong emotions.
    • Example: ¡Qué sorpresa! (What a surprise!)

8. Negation

  • Simple: Just add no before the verb to make it negative.
    • Example: No quiero ir. (I don’t want to go.)
  • Doble (no… nada / nadie / nunca ): used with negative adverbs.
    • Example: No veo nada. (I don’t see anything.)

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